Wikipedia:Textile Waste

Wikipedia:Textile Waste

Wikipedia:Textile Waste

where textile waste retrieved - Definition of Textile waste

Textile waste is any material that is considered unusable for its original purpose by the user. Textile waste can comprise of fashion and textile industry waste, created during fibre, textile and clothing production; and consumer waste, created during consumer use and disposal

Waste produced by industry

Textile companies dispose of their textile waste in nearby water bodies and waste water systems, which causes pollution and a significant health concern for neighbouring residences. Microbial decolourization and degradation of dyes is a cost effective way of removing the harmful chemicals from the environment. Several physico-chemical decolourization methods have been developed as an environmentally safer way of textile waste disposal, but only a few are accepted by the textile industry - this being due to high cost, inefficiency and inapplicability to a wide variety of dyes of these environmentally friendly ways of disposing of textile waste.

Due to the high demand for clothes as the fashion industry grows, textile companies are required to produce large volumes of clothing material in short periods of time. In order to meet these demands much care isn’t taken when making the material, it’s produced in whatever way is quickest despite any environmental harm future disposal will cause. Textile companies tend to dispose of waste at landfills, and due to the way the textiles were created the chemicals in the dyes used and fibres used cause major environmental issues, some of which are major health concerns.

Due to the high cost and decreasing landfill space there’s a great demand for effective methods of textile waste disposal. Based on a survey carried out in South Africa, it was found that majority of textile waste from textile companies end up in landfills, whilst about half of them recycle some of the waste. The textile companies are fairly positive towards recycling, when economic feasibility is considered. It was found that the reason for so many companies not recycling was due to lack of equipment, lack of material to recycle and lack of consumer awareness. So, marketing strategies for recycled products was recommended.

A remarkable amount of textile waste from the textile industry is disposed worldwide. This is a massive cause for environmental concern and also depicts a waste of useful resources. In order to encourage textile companies to recycle an experiment was carried out in Brazil to show the effect of textile waste on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete. The experiment was carried out using recycled textile fibres and polymer concrete reinforced with textile fibres. Two sets of polymer concrete formulations were experimented on and observed, with different resin/sand weight ratios. In each set, recycled textile fibers were used. Multiple tests were performed at room temperature; then curves of load versus displacement were plotted up to the point at which failure occurred. Both the effect of fiber content and resin/sand weight ratio were seen as relative to the behavior of polymer concrete reinforced with textile fibers. It was found that higher textile fibers content lead to a smoother failure, whilst unreinforced polymer concrete had a brittle failure

Textile Recycling
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There are many options available to the general public consumers to discard their textile wastes in ways that are beneficial to the environment. . Some of the ways are to donate to local charities that distribute the used clothing to the needy like (Value Village, Salvation Army, Goodwill, etc.). If the consumers start to make more ecologically responsible choices, the fashion industry would also make the necessary changes by choosing ecological raw materials. In some parts of the fashion industry people are trying to encourage recycling, by using 100% linen fabric and a small amount of garment addition, which are 100% recyclable. [6] Encouraging reuse of clothing can greatly help with reduction of textile waste by using less materials, cleaning, sorting and repairing so that the product can be used again. 

Governments can take apporpirate measures to encourage textile recycling . For example, the New York State textile recycling system begins on a local level and then feeds into a regional, national and global exchange of materials that eventually end land in new destinations. New York State’s system is representative of national and international textile recycling systems, but is unique in that it is a coalition of many stakeholders actively working to strengthen the state’s textile recovery and landfill diversion. Organized by the New York State Association for Reduction, Reuse and Recycling (NYSAR 3), these stakeholders launched the ReClothe NY campaign to raise awareness about textile recycling and to divert more textiles from landfills. 

Another example of textile recycling would be the recyling programs in Romania. Collection, recycling and waste management is a priority for Romania, and is a part of Romania's commitments to EU regulations. The waste regime in Romania is regulated by the Emergency Ordinance no. 78/2000, subsequently amended and supplemented. Law 27 of 2007, which is the legislative act obligating Romanians to sort waste. The problem is that so far has not been set up the selective collection system in the entire country. Resolution no. 870/2013 regarding the approval of National Waste Management Strategy 2014-2020, provides that the waste which do not comply recycling standards, but they have the corresponding calorific value, one of them being the textiles, can be and should be subject to recovery or thermal treatment with energy recovery installations appropriately equipped. 

Industries can help contribute to the waste textile waste management by encouraging new research and encouraging them. The recycling technologies of textile industry waste usually are adjusted for materials manufactured of uniform fibers. Unfortunately, usually materials are manufactured of blended chemical and natural fibers to achieve better wearing properties, i. e. abrasion resistance, durability and etc. Thus, it is important to investigate about the destruction of cotton component and easy separation from non-biodegradable polyester. 

Importance can also be given to research in using textile waste to reduce noise pollution. Composite materials obtained by introducing textile waste in rigid polyurethane foam matrix have sound absorption properties much improved compared to the 100% rigid polyurethane foam. The 60-RPF material has the best capacity to absorb noise, reaching a value of minimum 0.4 of sound absorption coefficient on the whole analyzed frequency ranges. Hence the textile wastes can be used to reduce sound pollution levels. 

Encouraging and helping other countries such as Japan the recycling rate of waste textiles, especially waste clothing, remains low. Japan finds difficulty to recycle by classification into raw materials, disposing textile based on colour is necessary.   A good way to support the idea of textile recycling is through educational programs. Educational programs are an important means of increasing the company’s awareness of the benefits of recycling, as well as educating them about how to set up a textile recycling program. Local communities may also be educated about the benefits of recycling, and be encouraged through incentives to set up a community recycling center for textile waste, providing necessary space and equipment or bailing the scrap.

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